Which symptoms are associated with hyperthyroidism?

Hyperthyroidism is characterized by an overactive thyroid gland that increases the function of various organ systems. Symptoms typically develop gradually and include the following:

Cardiovascular and Neuromuscular Symptoms

• Cardiovascular: Increased heart rate (tachycardia), atrial fibrillation, palpitations, shortness of breath, and exercise intolerance.1
• Neuromuscular: Nervousness, hyperactivity, restlessness, anxiety, irritability, insomnia, tremor, and muscle weakness.1

General and Systemic Symptoms

• Metabolic: Weight loss despite an increased appetite, increased perspiration, and heat intolerance.1
• Gastrointestinal and Reproductive: Increased frequency of bowel movements, as well as irregular menstrual cycles and decreased menstrual blood flow in women.1
• Skeletal: Increased bone resorption, which contributes to osteoporosis.1

In severe cases, patients may experience a thyroid storm, an acute condition marked by extreme heart rate, fever, and hypertension, which can lead to heart failure or shock. Additionally, if the cause is Graves disease, patients may exhibit exophthalmos (protruding eyes) or localized myxedema.12