Which scientific fields are included in the hydrologic sciences?

Hydrologic sciences encompass a range of specialized disciplines focused on the occurrence, distribution, and movement of water on Earth, particularly near the land surface. These fields integrate principles from broader scientific areas such as geology, chemistry, soil science, and plant physiology.12

The specific subdisciplines within the hydrologic sciences include:

• Hydraulics: The study of the mechanics and dynamics of water in its liquid state.2
• Hydrography: The description and mapping of Earth's surface water bodies, including oceans, often for navigation.12
• Hydrometry: The measurement of surface water, such as streamflow and precipitation.12
• Hydrometeorology: The study of water within the lower boundary layer of the atmosphere.12
• Groundwater hydrology and Hydrogeology: The study of subsurface water in the saturated zone.2
• Soil-water physics: The study of subsurface water in the unsaturated zone.12
• Engineering hydrology: The application of hydrologic principles to the design of structures that manage water flow and usage.2

Would you like to learn more about how these fields apply to water resource management?