Which repetitive behaviors are common in autism spectrum disorder?

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder often exhibit restricted and repetitive behaviors, interests, and activities as a core symptom of the condition. These behaviors, sometimes referred to as stimming, serve various functions, such as helping individuals process sensory input, manage overwhelming environments, or express emotions.123

Common repetitive behaviors include:

• Motor mannerisms: Stereotyped movements such as hand flapping, rocking from side to side, pacing, or spinning.13
• Object-focused behaviors: A preoccupation with parts of objects, or aligning and spinning objects.13
• Routine and interest rigidity: Inflexible adherence to specific routines or schedules, and restricted, intense interests.1
• Vocalizations: Repetitive sounds or grunting.3
• Sensory-related habits: Unusual eating behaviors, such as extreme sensitivity to food textures or highly selective food preferences.1

Disruptions to established routines or familiar surroundings can often lead to agitation or tantrums in affected individuals. While some repetitive actions like nail-biting or pencil-tapping are common in the general population, these behaviors in autistic individuals are typically more frequent and intense.13