Which products form when sodium reacts with water?

When sodium reacts with water, it undergoes a violent, exothermic reaction that produces sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and hydrogen gas.123

The reaction is an example of an oxidation-reduction reaction, where electrons are transferred from sodium atoms to water molecules. The chemical process can be represented as follows:3

$$2\text{Na(s)}+2{\text{H}}_2\text{O(l)}\to 2{\text{Na}}^{+}(\text{aq})+2{\text{OH}}^{-}(\text{aq})+{\text{H}}_2\text{(g)}$$

Because the reaction releases significant heat and produces flammable hydrogen gas, it can be explosive, particularly when sodium with a high surface area is involved. The primary explosive hazard associated with this reaction is the rapid formation of hydrogen gas.13