Which physical properties are typical of metals?

Metals are a class of substances defined by several distinct physical properties, which are largely attributed to the presence of nonlocalized valence electrons within their crystal structure.21

Typical physical properties of metals include:

• High Conductivity: Metals exhibit high electrical and thermal conductivity. This occurs because their valence electrons are free to move throughout the solid, facilitating the transport of charge and heat.21
• Malleability and Ductility: Most metals can be shaped or drawn into wires without fracturing. Because the metallic bond is nondirectional, the atoms can easily slide past one another when deformed.21
• High Reflectivity: Metals are characterized by a high degree of light reflectivity, often described as having a metallic lustre.13
• State and Structure: Metals are typically crystalline solids that feature a close packing of atoms with high symmetry.1

These properties make metals essential materials in various scientific and industrial applications.1