Britannica
Sources used in this answer
Which personality traits characterize narcissistic personality disorder?
Created from Britannica articles
using AI.
AI can make mistakes, so verify using Britannica articles.
narcissism
Narcissus, wall painting; from the House of Marcus Lucretius Fronto, Pompeii, Italy, 14–62 ce.
Narcissistic personality disorder is a mental disorder defined by persistent patterns of thought and behavior that cause significant impairment in functioning and interpersonal relationships.12
Key personality traits and characteristics include:
- Grandiosity: An exaggerated, inflated sense of self-importance and a belief that one is exceptional.134
- Need for Admiration: A chronic preoccupation with obtaining positive, aggrandizing feedback and a persistent need to be admired by others.14
- Lack of Empathy: An inability or unwillingness to recognize or identify with the feelings, perspectives, and needs of others.134
- Interpersonal Exploitation: A tendency to take others for granted or manipulate them to solicit admiration or support an inflated self-image.1
- Arrogance and Entitlement: Often manifesting as snobbish, disdainful, or patronizing attitudes.134
- Preoccupation with Fantasies: Frequent focus on unlimited success, power, brilliance, or prestige.134
These individuals often rely on others to regulate their self-esteem, which, despite appearing high, is frequently fragile and insecure. Relationships are typically superficial, as narcissists prioritize superiority and admiration over genuine connection.1