Which people are included in a census based on the census moment?

A census is an enumeration of people within a precisely delimited territory at a specific time. Because the actual process of counting can take days or weeks, a "census moment"—often fixed at midnight—is established as the chronological reference point to ensure accuracy.1

Regarding who is included based on this moment:

• Inclusion: All persons who are alive at the census moment are included in the count.1
• Exclusion: All persons born after the census moment or who died before it are excluded.1

The census moment also serves as the reference point for demographic data such as age, marital status, and citizenship. Depending on the methodology used, individuals are tallied either by their regular or legal residence (a de jure census) or by the location where they are physically present at the time of the count (a de facto census).1