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Which parts of a sperm cell contain genetic material and provide movement?
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human reproductive system
Organs and structures of the male and female reproductive systems.
A mature human sperm cell consists of two primary parts that facilitate its function: the head and the tail.1
- Genetic Material: The head of the sperm cell is primarily composed of the cell nucleus, which contains the chromosomes that carry the individual's genetic information. In humans, this head is flattened and almond-shaped, containing 23 chromosomes. It is partially covered by a cap called the acrosome, which contains enzymes necessary for the sperm to penetrate the egg.12
- Movement: The tail, also known as the flagellum, provides the sperm with movement. It is a long, slender bundle of filaments that connects to the head and a small middle portion containing mitochondria. The tail propels the sperm through undulating, whiplike motions, allowing the cell to travel toward the egg.12