Which insects and arthropods can transmit Trypanosoma cruzi?

Trypanosoma cruzi, the protozoan parasite that causes Chagas disease, is primarily transmitted by bloodsucking insects known as reduviid bugs (family Reduviidae), which are commonly referred to as "kissing bugs."12

Key vectors and arthropods associated with the transmission of T. cruzi include:

• Reduviid bugs: These are the primary vectors, with the genus Rhodnius and the species Triatoma infestans and Triatoma dimidiata being notable examples.234
• Other arthropods: Beyond reduviid bugs, other arthropods such as lice and bedbugs have been identified as potential vector hosts for the parasite.3

Transmission occurs when an infected insect feeds on a host's blood and deposits feces containing the parasite onto the skin. The infection typically enters the bloodstream when the host scratches the bite site or through contact with mucous membranes.514