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Which fields of study contribute to demography?

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Line graph showing world population growth from 1700 to 2000 with a steep rise after 1950, followed by three projection scenarios for 2000 to 2100: high, medium, and low, reaching between 7 and 14 billion. — population Graph of the world's estimated human population from 1700 until 2000, with population projections extending until 2100.

Demography is a multidisciplinary field that examines human populations by drawing insights from a wide range of academic and scientific disciplines. To understand the size, composition, and rate of change within populations, demography integrates knowledge from the following areas:

Economics
Sociology
Statistics
Medicine
Biology
Anthropology
History1

By synthesizing these diverse perspectives, demographers can analyze vital statistics—such as births, deaths, and marriages—to project population trends and understand the complex factors that influence human societies. Additionally, the interdisciplinary approach known as biodemography specifically emphasizes biological considerations, including genetic, epidemiological, and evolutionary determinants, to study how biological factors influence patterns of fertility, health, and longevity.123