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Which factors increase the risk of atherosclerosis?
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human aging
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Atherosclerosis is a complex condition involving the buildup of fatty plaques in the arteries, which can lead to serious complications like heart attack or stroke. While the aging process is a universal factor in the development of vascular changes, several specific risk factors significantly increase the likelihood of developing atherosclerosis.1234
These risk factors include:
- Biological and Genetic Factors: Advancing age, male gender, and a family history of the disease are primary predictors. Certain hereditary conditions, such as defects in lipid metabolism, also increase susceptibility.34
- Metabolic and Health Conditions: High serum cholesterol (specifically high levels of LDL and VLDL), diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and elevated levels of the amino acid homocysteine are strongly associated with increased risk.345
- Lifestyle Choices: Smoking is a major contributor, with risk levels compounding based on the amount smoked. A sedentary lifestyle and environmental stress are also recognized as contributing factors.34
- Inflammatory Triggers: Infections by certain bacteria or viruses may contribute to the inflammation and vessel wall damage that initiates plaque formation.5