Which factors affect the types of bacteria in a person’s gut?

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Bacteria A scanning electron micrograph of gram-positive *Mycobacterium tuberculosis* bacteria, the cause of tuberculosis and scrofula.

The composition of an individual’s gut microbiota is dynamic and influenced by a variety of internal and external factors. The specific types of bacteria present are primarily dictated by the following elements:

Diet: Consuming fiber-rich foods like fruits, vegetables, legumes, and whole grains supports beneficial microbes, whereas diets high in processed foods can negatively alter microbial diversity.1
Medications: The use of antibiotics can eliminate both harmful and helpful bacteria, while other medications, such as proton pump inhibitors, can also shift the microbial balance.1
Lifestyle: Regular physical activity and adequate sleep help maintain a healthy community, while prolonged stress can disrupt it.1
Biological and Health Factors: Aging, chronic illness, and gastrointestinal infections are significant drivers of change in gut composition.1

These factors can lead to dysbiosis, a state where the microbial community's balance is disrupted, potentially contributing to chronic diseases and digestive disorders.1

Would you like to know more about how specific foods, such as probiotics, help support these microbial communities?