Which ancient societies are known to have used tattoos?

Tattooing has been practiced by numerous ancient societies across the globe, serving various purposes such as identification, status, or magical protection.1

Evidence of the practice includes:

• The Iceman: Mummified remains of the Iceman, dating to approximately 3300 BCE, feature skin markings that may represent the earliest known evidence of tattooing.1
• Egypt and Nubia: Tattoos have been discovered on mummies from these regions dating to about 2000 BCE.1
• Classical Antiquity: Historical accounts from Classical authors note the use of tattoos among the Thracians, Greeks, Gauls, ancient Germans, and ancient Britons. The Romans notably used tattoos to mark slaves and criminals.1
• Indigenous Cultures: Many groups in the Americas, including various tribes in the Arctic, Subarctic, and California, practiced tattooing. In the Pacific, the Maori of New Zealand developed moko, a complex form of facial tattooing. Additionally, the Ainu of Japan traditionally practiced facial tattooing among women.12

While tattooing has been a widespread cultural practice, it is important to note that it has also been used historically as a tool for dehumanization, such as the marking of inmates in concentration camps.1