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Which actinoid elements commonly form ions with a +3 oxidation state?
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actinoid element
Modern version of the periodic table of the elements (printable).
The actinoid elements that commonly form ions with a +3 oxidation state include actinium and the elements from uranium through einsteinium.1
While thorium and protactinium can exhibit a +3 state, it is considered unstable for these two elements. The chemistry of the actinoids in the +3 oxidation state is characterized by significant similarities, often resembling the lanthanoids of the same state, with their physical properties and crystal structures largely dependent on the size of the +3 ion.1