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Which Group 13 elements form stable hydrated 3+ ions in water?
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boron group element
Modern version of the periodic table of the elements (printable).
The Group 13 elements that form stable hydrated 3+ ions in water are aluminum, gallium, indium, and thallium.1
In aqueous solution, these triply charged ions are held strongly by six water molecules. While boron is also a member of the boron group, it does not form a stable hydrated 3+ ion because the energy required to remove three electrons from a boron atom is too high, making the formation of a bare cation impossible.12