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Where are the oldest known western star maps showing both stars and constellation figures preserved?
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Astronomical map
Star trails over banksia trees, in Gippsland, Vic., Austl. The south celestial pole, located in the constellation Octans, is at the centre of the trails.
The earliest known western maps of the skies of the Northern and Southern hemispheres that depict both stars and constellation figures are preserved in Vienna and date from 1440.1
These manuscripts may have been based on two earlier charts from 1425 that were once owned by the German astronomer and mathematician Regiomontanus. While older artifacts exist, such as the Farnese Globe—which is the most famous astronomical artifact of antiquity—it depicts constellation figures but does not include individual stars.12