Britannica
Sources used in this answer
When is radiation therapy used instead of surgery for cancer?
Created from Britannica articles
using AI.
AI can make mistakes, so verify using Britannica articles.
radiation therapy
External beam radiation therapy (also known as external beam teletherapy, or long-distance therapy) being delivered using a machine known as a linear accelerator.
Radiation therapy is often used instead of surgery when a tumor cannot be surgically removed, such as in the case of certain brain tumors. In these instances, radiosurgery may be considered a valid alternative, utilizing high doses of radiation to target and reduce the tumor mass.12
Beyond cases where surgery is not feasible, radiation therapy is chosen for several other clinical reasons:
- Organ Preservation: When used appropriately, radiation can often preserve the structure and function of an organ more effectively than surgical removal.3
- Palliative Care: If a cure is not possible, radiation can be used to shrink tumors to relieve pain, reduce pressure on vital structures, or improve drainage to prevent complications like infection.3
- Adjuvant Treatment: Radiation is frequently used in combination with surgery to eradicate undetected disease at the periphery of a tumor or to reduce the risk of recurrence.21
The decision to utilize radiation depends on the tumor's location, its radiosensitivity, and the tolerance thresholds of surrounding healthy tissues.13