When did the term translational medicine begin to be widely used?

The term "translational medicine" was introduced in the 1990s, though it only achieved widespread usage in the early 2000s. While some sources note the first known use of the related term "translational research" as 1986, the specific concept of translational medicine as a unifying, bidirectional field gained its broader prominence later as it became a critical framework for bridging the gap between laboratory discoveries and clinical practice.12