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When did the robust australopithecine lineage become extinct?

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Illustration showing side-by-side reconstructions of five hominins in the human lineage: Australopithecus afarensis, Homo habilis, Homo erectus, Homo neanderthalensis, and Homo sapiens, with each figure labeled and depicted in a walking pose to highlight evolutionary changes in posture and body structure. A scale bar at the top right indicates relative height. — human evolution An artist's depiction of five species of the human lineage.

The robust australopithecine lineage, also known as the genus Paranthropus, became extinct approximately 1 million years ago.1

These hominins, which included species such as P. aethiopicus, P. robustus, and P. boisei, were characterized by their specialized cranial and dental features, including massive jaws and large molars adapted for a vegetarian diet. While they represent a distinct evolutionary trajectory that emphasized these specialized adaptations, they ultimately disappeared from the hominid evolutionary tree around this time.2314