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What types of nanoparticles are found in vehicle exhaust and brake dust?
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nanoparticle
Image showing nanoparticles of an alloy of gold (yellow) and palladium (blue) on an acid-treated carbon support (gray). These particles were employed as catalysts for the formation of hydrogen peroxide from hydrogen (white) and oxygen (red).
Vehicles and their components are significant sources of anthropogenic nanoparticles. These emissions include a variety of materials generated by internal-combustion engines, exhaust systems, and vehicle wear.1
Specific types of nanoparticles found in vehicle-related emissions include:
- Partially burned hydrocarbons: These are commonly found in soot emitted from vehicle exhaust.1
- Ceria (cerium oxide): These particles originate from vehicle exhaust catalysts.1
- Metallic dust: This is produced by the wear of brake linings.1
- Calcium carbonate: This compound is found in engine lubricating oils.1
- Silica: These particles are generated by the wear of car tires.1
While these human-made particles contribute to air pollution, it is important to note that their total emission levels remain lower than those produced through natural processes, such as volcanic activity, sea salt aerosols, and emissions from vegetation. Research into these particles is vital, as their small size allows them to be inhaled deep into the lungs, posing potential risks to human health.12