What roles do isoprenoid-based vitamins E and K have in animals?

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Isoprenoid Camphor, an isoprenoid compound classified as a terpenoid ketone, is used in incense and certain medicinal compounds. It is a natural substance obtained from the camphor laurel (*Cinnamomum camphora*), a species of evergreen.

In animals, isoprenoid-based vitamins E and K serve critical biological functions:

Vitamin E: This compound functions primarily as an antioxidant, protecting polyunsaturated fatty acids and biological membranes from oxidative damage caused by free radicals and peroxides. It is also noted for its importance in reproduction.12
Vitamin K: This vitamin is essential for the synthesis of proteins involved in the blood-clotting process, such as prothrombin, as well as for bone metabolism.32

Both vitamins are classified as isoprenoids, a diverse group of compounds built from isoprene units that play vital roles in various animal metabolic processes.24