Ask the Chatbot Games & Quizzes History & Society Science & Tech Biographies Animals & Nature Geography & Travel Arts & Culture ProCon Money Videos
Britannica Sources used in this answer

What is the function of the sternum in the human skeleton?

Created from Britannica articles using AI. AI can make mistakes, so verify using Britannica articles.
Front and back views of the human skeleton are shown side by side, with labeled bones including the skull, spine, ribs, pelvis, arms, legs, hands, and feet. Insets detail the bones of the foot and hand, highlighting major bone groups and anatomical terms.
human skeleton Front and back views of the human skeleton.

The sternum, commonly known as the breastbone, serves several critical functions within the human axial skeleton. Its primary roles include:

  • Structural Support: The sternum acts as a central anchor for the shoulder girdle by articulating with and supporting the clavicles (collarbones).1
  • Rib Cage Integration: It provides essential attachment points for the ribs, which connect to the sternum via pliable costal cartilages.12
  • Protection: As a key component of the rib cage, the sternum helps form the protective wall of the thorax. This structure shields vital internal organs, such as the heart and lungs, while maintaining the flexibility and elasticity necessary for breathing and chest expansion.2

In humans, this flat, elongated bone is composed of three segments: the manubrium, the mesosternum (body), and the xiphoid process.13