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What effects can long-term exposure to arsenic have on the skin and nervous system?

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A labeled diagram of the periodic table entry for arsenic, showing its atomic number 33, symbol As, atomic weight 74.921595, electron configuration, and classification as an other nonmetal. Additional icons indicate arsenic is solid at room temperature, has a rhombohedral crystal structure, and weakly acidic oxides. — arsenic Properties of arsenic.

Chronic exposure to arsenic can lead to significant health complications affecting both the skin and the nervous system.

Skin Effects

Long-term exposure is associated with pigmentation changes and scaling of the skin. These areas may eventually undergo malignant changes. Additionally, arsenical compounds are known skin irritants that can easily cause dermatitis.12

Nervous System Effects

Chronic arsenic poisoning often manifests as nervous system disturbances characterized by confusion and paralysis. The toxicity can lead to peripheral neuropathy, which involves degenerative changes in the peripheral nerves. This nerve damage frequently results in weakness and atrophy in the tissues of the arms or legs to which those nerves are distributed.13

It is important to note that arsenic exerts its toxicity by combining with certain enzymes, thereby interfering with essential cellular metabolism. Because of these severe health risks, it is vital to prioritize safety and minimize exposure to arsenic-containing substances in both occupational and environmental settings.1