What does the term plant pathology refer to?

Plant pathology is the scientific study of plant diseases. The term is derived from the Greek words pathos (suffering or disease) and logos (discourse or study).12

In this field, researchers investigate the causes of abnormal physiological processes that disrupt a plant’s normal structure, growth, or function. These disturbances can be triggered by infectious agents—such as fungi, bacteria, viruses, nematodes, or parasitic plants—or by noninfectious factors, including unfavorable environmental conditions, nutrient deficiencies, or toxic substances.2

Plant pathologists work to identify these causal agents through careful observation and diagnosis, which is the essential first step in developing effective control measures. By researching these diseases, scientists aim to reduce agricultural losses, manage pests, and improve global food security through methods like biological control and the development of resistant crop varieties.234