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What defenses have some insects evolved against bat echolocation?

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Meissner's corpuscle; mechanoreception — Mechanoreception In human skin, specialized nerve endings known as Meissner's corpuscles (or tactile corpuscles) are sensitive to touch. They are one of several different types of mechanoreceptors found in human skin.

In the context of mechanoreception and sensory defense, some insects have evolved specific adaptations to survive predation by bats that use echolocation.

Moths of two families are known to take evasive or protective action upon hearing the high-frequency pulses emitted by hunting bats. This behavior serves as a critical defense mechanism against heavy predation, allowing the insects to detect the presence of a predator and initiate maneuvers to avoid capture.1

While insects utilize various other protective strategies—such as chemical defenses, camouflage, and mimicry—to deter predators like birds or wasps, the specific ability to perceive and react to the ultrasonic frequencies of bat sonar is a specialized adaptation for survival in the nocturnal environment where bats are the primary threat.21