What causes arthrogryposis multiplex congenita?

Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita is a condition characterized by multiple joint deformities present at birth. While some cases can result from extrinsic factors—such as pressure on the fetus due to a lack of amniotic fluid—the majority of cases are caused by intrinsic issues.12

These intrinsic causes primarily involve:

• Neuromuscular dysfunction: Weakness resulting from congenital spinal cord, nerve, or muscle dysfunction.12
• Abnormal development: Issues with the formation of the joints themselves.1
• Genetic factors: Many intrinsic forms of the disorder are classified as genetic conditions.1

In essence, the joint deformities are often a secondary consequence of muscle weakness or neurological impairment that prevents normal movement and development in utero.12