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What brain waves are associated with the N1 stage of NREM sleep?

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The N1 stage of NREM sleep is a transitional state that occurs as brain activity shifts from wakefulness to sleep. During this stage, the electroencephalography (EEG) tracing shows a mix of alpha waves (8–13 Hz), which are characteristic of wakefulness, and low-frequency theta waves (4–7 Hz).12