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What are the two major layers of vertebrate skin?
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Integument
The pangolin is the only mammal in the world covered in scales.
In all vertebrates, the skin is composed of two major layers:
- Epidermis: This is the outer, relatively thin layer consisting of closely packed cells. It serves as a vital barrier against environmental threats such as chemicals, radiation, and microbes.1
- Dermis: Located beneath the epidermis, this layer is thicker and tougher. It is primarily composed of fibrous connective tissue, blood and lymph vessels, and nerve endings. The dermis provides physical protection and supplies the overlying epidermis with nourishment through its blood network.12