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What are the three layers of the tympanic membrane?

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The tympanic membrane, or eardrum, consists of three distinct layers that provide the structure necessary to transmit sound vibrations:12

  • Outer layer: This layer is composed of skin and is continuous with the skin of the external auditory canal.12
  • Middle layer: Situated between the outer and inner layers, this section consists of fibrous tissue containing radial and circular fibers, which provide the membrane with its necessary tension and stiffness.12
  • Inner layer: This layer is composed of mucous membrane and is continuous with the lining of the middle ear's tympanic cavity.12