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What are the signs of a second-degree burn?

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Cross-section diagram of human skin showing burn depth by degree, with arrows indicating that first-degree burns affect only the epidermis, second-degree burns reach the dermis, third-degree burns extend into subcutaneous tissue, and fourth-degree burns penetrate to muscle. — burn This diagram shows how burn injuries are classified by severity. First-degree burns damage the outer skin, known as the epidermis. First-degree burns are the least severe form of burn injury. Second-degree burns damage the outer skin and some of the underlying skin, known as the dermis, which also includes some connective tissue. Third-degree burns damage all the layers of skin, including subcutaneous tissue. Fourth-degree burns, which are the most severe, destroy every layer of skin and also damage muscle, tendons, and bones.

A second-degree burn is characterized by damage that extends through the entire epidermis and into a portion of the underlying dermis.1

The primary signs of this injury include:
* Redness: The affected area typically appears red.1
* Blisters: These are a hallmark of second-degree burns. They may increase in size during the hours immediately following the injury, with deeper burns often exhibiting more prevalent blistering.1
* Pain: Like first-degree burns, these injuries can be extremely painful.1

The healing process and potential for complications for a second-degree burn depend on the extent of the damage to the dermis. Most superficial second-degree burns heal in 10 to 14 days with little scarring, provided they do not become infected. If a burn covers more than 15 percent of an adult's body, 10 percent of a child's body, or affects sensitive areas like the face, hands, or feet, it requires prompt medical attention.1