What are the main signs of autism spectrum disorder in children?

The signs and symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children are variable and generally fall into three primary categories:12

• Atypical Social Interaction: Children may exhibit poor eye contact, a narrow range of facial expressions, and difficulty establishing relationships with peers, which can lead to social avoidance.12
• Communication Difficulties: This includes delayed development or a lack of spoken language, diminished use of gestures, and challenges with conversation skills or appropriate developmental play.12
• Atypical Behaviors, Interests, and Activities: These are typically restricted and repetitive. Examples include stereotyped motor mannerisms (such as hand flapping), inflexible adherence to routines, and a preoccupation with specific objects or parts of objects. Disruption to familiar schedules may trigger agitation or tantrums.1

Additionally, approximately 70 percent of children with autism exhibit distinct eating behaviors, such as extreme sensitivity to food textures or very narrow food preferences. These signs can sometimes be observed as early as one year of age.1