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How was lawrencium shown to behave like a tripositive actinoid?

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Lawrencium (atomic number 103) was shown to behave as a tripositive actinoid through a study conducted by a Berkeley research group using approximately 1,500 atoms of the isotope lawrencium-256.1

By observing the chemical behavior of these atoms, researchers demonstrated that lawrencium exhibits properties consistent with the tripositive elements of the actinoid series, rather than the predominantly dipositive behavior observed in nobelium, which precedes it in the periodic table. This confirms its classification as the 14th member of the actinoid series, consistent with the oxidation state of +3.1