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How much did average Northern Hemisphere temperatures fall during the Little Ice Age?

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Line graph showing estimated temperature variations from 1000 to 2000 CE for the Northern Hemisphere and central England, with three lines representing different data sources. The chart highlights the medieval warm period around 1100-1300 and the Little Ice Age from about 1500 to 1850, followed by a sharp temperature rise in the late 20th century. Temperature is shown as deviations from the 1961-1990 average. — Little Ice Age Estimates of temperature variations for the Northern Hemisphere and central England from 1000 to 2000 ce.

During the Little Ice Age, which spanned from the early 14th century to the mid-19th century, mean annual temperatures across the Northern Hemisphere declined by 0.6 °C (1.1 °F) relative to the average temperature recorded between 1000 and 2000 CE.12

It is important to note that this decline was not uniform. While some regions, such as western Greenland, Scandinavia, the British Isles, and western North America, experienced cool episodes where temperatures dropped by 1 to 2 °C (1.8 to 3.6 °F) below their respective thousand-year averages, these regional declines rarely occurred simultaneously. Furthermore, other parts of the world, including eastern China and the Andes, remained relatively stable during this period.12