How many chromosomes does a human sperm cell contribute to a zygote?

A human sperm cell contributes 23 chromosomes to a zygote during the process of fertilization.31

While a typical human body cell contains 46 chromosomes, the sperm cell undergoes a reduction division prior to fertilization, resulting in a haploid set of 23 chromosomes. When the sperm unites with an ovum—which also provides 23 chromosomes—the resulting zygote is restored to the full diploid number of 46 chromosomes. This union ensures the new individual receives a complete set of genetic instructions, with half of the chromosomes originating from the male parent and half from the female parent.2134