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How is silicon produced commercially from silica?

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A periodic table element square for silicon shows atomic number 14, symbol Si, atomic weight range, electron configuration, and name. Icons indicate it is a solid nonmetal with diamond crystal structure and equal relative strength. Labels explain each property. — silicon Chemical properties of the element silicon.

Elemental silicon is produced commercially through the reduction of silica (SiO₂) using coke in an electric furnace.1

In this process, the silica is reduced by the carbon present in the coke at high temperatures. Once the reaction is complete, the resulting impure silicon product undergoes a refining process to increase its purity. For specialized applications, such as the production of electronic devices, manufacturers grow single crystals by slowly withdrawing seed crystals from molten silicon. Additionally, almost pure silicon can be obtained through the reduction of silicon tetrachloride or trichlorosilane.1