How is obesity linked to type 2 diabetes?

Type 2 diabetes is strongly linked to obesity, primarily through the mechanisms of insulin resistance and insulin deficiency.1

In individuals who are obese, the body often develops insulin resistance, a condition where cells do not respond effectively to insulin. To compensate, the body produces higher-than-normal levels of insulin to maintain glucose homeostasis. However, some obese individuals are unable to produce sufficient amounts of insulin to overcome this resistance, leading to inadequate glucose uptake and the development of hyperglycemia.1

The relationship is significant because weight loss and regular exercise can improve insulin sensitivity and, in some cases, restore normal glucose metabolism. For those with impaired fasting glucose, weight loss is a key strategy in preventing the progression to type 2 diabetes. Managing body weight through diet and physical activity remains a fundamental component of treatment for patients already diagnosed with the disorder.23