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How is gonorrhea transmitted between people?

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Gonorrhea is primarily transmitted through direct sexual contact with an infected partner. The infection is caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae, which typically spreads via unprotected sexual intercourse.12

While sexual contact is the primary mode of transmission, there are specific exceptions where the bacteria may be spread through other means:

  • Ophthalmia neonatorum: Eye infections in newborn infants acquired during birth.2
  • Institutional settings: Some instances of vulvovaginitis in young girls living in institutions.2
  • Accidental exposure: Occasional accidental eye infections in adults.2

Because the bacteria have an extremely short incubation period, interrupting the chain of transmission can be difficult. The use of a condom is an effective method for preventing the transmission of the disease during sexual activity.1