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How is ethanol converted in the body after it is consumed?

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When ethanol is consumed, the body works to detoxify it through a process of biological oxidation to prevent accumulation and potential damage to the brain.2

The liver produces an enzyme called alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), which catalyzes the oxidation of ethanol into acetaldehyde. Acetaldehyde is subsequently oxidized into acetic acid (in the form of acetate), which is a normal metabolite. Ultimately, this process converts the substance into carbon dioxide and water.12

This metabolic process occurs at a rate of approximately 15 ml (about half a fluid ounce) per hour. Because ethanol is a toxic substance that affects the nervous system, it is essential to recognize that excessive consumption can lead to severe impairment, alcoholism, or fatal poisoning.12