How have arsenic compounds been used in pesticides and herbicides?

Arsenic compounds have historically been utilized in agriculture as effective agents for controlling pests and weeds, though their use carries significant risks due to their toxicity.123

Key compounds and their applications include:

• Arsenious oxide (white arsenic): This compound serves as a foundational material for many other arsenic-based products and has been used directly in various pesticides.13
• Arsenic pentoxide: This is a major ingredient in the formulation of both insecticides and herbicides.1
• Lead arsenate and calcium arsenate: These salts are specifically noted for their utility in controlling pests and sterilizing soils.1
• Arsenic acid: This compound is also utilized in agricultural settings for its properties as a herbicide.1

Because these substances function by interfering with cellular metabolism, they are inherently hazardous to humans and animals. Exposure often occurs through the ingestion of contaminated produce or inhalation of sprays and dusts by agricultural workers. Due to these severe health risks—which include skin irritation, organ damage, and potential fatality—the handling of arsenic-based pesticides requires strict safety precautions.32