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How far is Earth from the Sun in astronomical units and kilometres?

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Illustration showing the eight planets of the solar system in order from the Sun-Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune-depicted to scale by size, with labeled diameters in miles and kilometers. The Sun is partially visible on the left for comparison. — Solar system The planets (in comparative size) in order of distance from the Sun.

The average distance between Earth and the Sun is defined as one astronomical unit (AU).12

In 2012, the International Astronomical Union fixed the value of the astronomical unit at exactly 149,597,870.7 kilometers. While this distance is often rounded to approximately 149.6 million kilometers for general reference, the fixed value serves as a precise standard for astronomical calculations.12

Because Earth’s orbit is elliptical, the actual distance between the two bodies varies throughout the year. Earth reaches its closest point to the Sun, known as perihelion, in early January, and its farthest point, or aphelion, in early July. Despite this variation, the astronomical unit remains a convenient, standardized measure for expressing distances within the solar system.132