How does the liver break down steroid hormones?

The liver plays a primary role in regulating steroid hormone levels by metabolizing them into physiologically inactive products. Through various chemical transformations, the liver converts these active hormones into forms that can be safely excreted from the body.1

Once inactivated, these metabolites are primarily voided through the urine. A portion of these substances is also eliminated via the bile and ultimately expelled through the feces.1

This metabolic process is clinically significant, as the analysis of these urinary metabolites—such as 17-ketosteroids—allows medical professionals to gauge the secretory activity of endocrine glands like the adrenal gland. By monitoring these breakdown products, doctors can better diagnose potential endocrine abnormalities.1