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How does the carbon cycle move carbon between the atmosphere, plants, animals, and soil?

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A color-coded periodic table of the elements displays each element's symbol and atomic number, with categories such as alkali metals, noble gases, halogens, transition metals, and actinoid elements distinguished by different background colors. — carbon group element Modern version of the periodic table of the elements (printable).

The carbon cycle describes the continuous movement of carbon between the atmosphere, living organisms, and the soil.12

Atmospheric Exchange and Photosynthesis

The cycle begins when terrestrial plants (producers) absorb carbon dioxide (CO₂) from the atmosphere. Through photosynthesis, plants convert this inorganic carbon into energy-rich organic compounds, such as carbohydrates, which form their biomass.132

Movement Through Animals

Carbon moves from plants to animals when consumers eat vegetation. Animals incorporate this carbon into their bodies and release it back into the atmosphere as CO₂ through the process of respiration.12

Soil and Decomposition

Carbon enters the soil through the death and decay of plants and animals. Decomposer organisms, such as bacteria and fungi, break down this organic matter, releasing carbon back into the atmosphere as CO₂ through soil respiration. Soils also act as significant carbon reservoirs, storing carbon in the form of humus and other organic matter, which can be released back into the atmosphere if the soil is disturbed or decomposed.1342