How does testosterone affect the development of the Wolffian ducts?

In the context of human embryology, testosterone plays a critical role in the development of the male reproductive system by acting on the Wolffian ducts.21

During fetal development, the Wolffian ducts serve as precursor structures capable of differentiating into the male genital tract. Testosterone, secreted by the fetal testes, stimulates these ducts to develop into the ductus deferens (spermatic ducts), ejaculatory ducts, and seminal vesicles.21

If testosterone is not present at the appropriate time during gestation, the Wolffian duct system will deteriorate, and the genitalia will develop in the female direction regardless of the individual's genetic sex. Conversely, in the presence of testosterone, these ducts are preserved and transformed into the functional male reproductive structures.21