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How does synovitis affect a joint?
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Synovitis is defined as inflammation restricted to the synovial membrane, which is the inner lining of the articular joint capsule. When this membrane becomes inflamed, it typically becomes red and swollen.12
The effects of synovitis on a joint can be significant and progressive:
- Fluid Accumulation: Inflammation often leads to an effusion of fluid into the joint cavity.1
- Tissue Damage: In chronic conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, the synovial membrane can thicken and produce a layer of granulation tissue known as pannus. This tissue can protrude over the surface of the cartilage, leading to its erosion and destruction.2
- Deformity and Immobility: As cartilage and underlying bone are destroyed, the joint may become unstable or partially dislocated. If adhesions form between articulating surfaces, they may transform into fibrous or bony tissue, resulting in ankylosisβa condition where the joint becomes fixed and loses its mobility.231
- Symptoms: The inflammation generally causes pain, stiffness, swelling, and localized heat around the affected joint.12