How does reduced acetylcholine contribute to memory problems in Alzheimer disease?

In the context of Alzheimer disease, acetylcholine is a critical neurotransmitter known to play a vital role in memory and learning processes within the central nervous system.1

In the brains of individuals with Alzheimer disease, there is an abnormally short supply of this neurotransmitter. Because these acetylcholine-producing neurons are essential for normal cognitive function, their deficiency directly impairs the brain's ability to facilitate memory and learning.12

To address this deficit, therapeutic agents known as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (or anticholinesterases) are often used. These drugs work by slowing the breakdown of the remaining acetylcholine, thereby prolonging its presence and activity in the brain to help alleviate symptoms and potentially delay the progression of cognitive decline.31