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How does plaque lead to tooth decay?
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dentistry
The practice of dentistry involves preventing, diagnosing, and treating oral disease, as well as correcting deformities of the jaws, teeth, and oral cavity.
Dental plaque is a sticky film composed of bacteria and polymers that accumulates on the surface of teeth. It plays a central role in the development of tooth decay, also known as caries, through the following process:12
- Bacterial Metabolism: Plaque harbors various bacteria, such as Streptococcus mutans, which feed on sugars and fermentable carbohydrates from food debris trapped in the film.12
- Acid Production: As these bacteria metabolize the sugars and starches, they produce acidic byproducts, such as lactic acid and acetic acid.31
- Demineralization: These acids accumulate against the tooth surface, where the plaque shields them from the neutralizing effects of saliva. The acids then dissolve the enamel and dentine by stripping away essential minerals like calcium.12
Over time, this demineralization creates cavities that can progress from the surface enamel into the deeper layers of the tooth, potentially reaching the pulp cavity. Regular brushing, flossing, and maintaining good oral hygiene are essential to remove plaque and prevent this destructive cycle.321