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How does osteoarthritis affect joints in older adults?

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What causes our skin to wrinkle as we age? — human aging Overview of why skin ages.

Osteoarthritis, often called degenerative joint disease, is a common condition in older adults characterized by the deterioration of articular cartilage that cushions the joints. As this cartilage wears away, it can lead to painful bone-on-bone contact and the development of bone spurs, known as osteophytes, which further restrict movement and joint integrity.12

Physiologically, this process is often associated with a decreased water-retaining capacity in the cartilage, making it more prone to damage. Common symptoms include deep, achy pain, stiffness, and crepitus (crackling noises) during motion. While it can affect various areas, it frequently involves the knees, hips, spine, and fingers.1

Sociologically and functionally, the resulting joint pain and instability can lead to decreased mobility, muscle weakness, and changes in gait or dexterity, which may impact an individual's daily activities. Treatment focuses on pain management and improving joint mechanics through exercise, weight loss, medication, or surgery such as total joint replacement.12