How does orographic precipitation form on windward mountain slopes?

Orographic precipitation occurs when moist air masses encounter a mountain range, which acts as a physical barrier to atmospheric flow. As the air is forced to rise up the windward slopes, it undergoes cooling. This cooling process leads to the formation of orographic clouds, which serve as the source for rain, snow, or other forms of precipitation.123

Because the air is lifted and cooled as it ascends the terrain, the majority of this precipitation falls on the windward side of the mountain ridge. Conversely, as the air descends the leeward slopes, it warms and its relative humidity decreases, which significantly reduces the likelihood of precipitation and creates a drier region known as a rain shadow.312