How does moving a permanent magnet through a coil induce a current?

Moving a permanent magnet through a coil of wire induces an electric current through the process of electromagnetic induction. This phenomenon occurs because the motion of the magnet changes the magnetic flux passing through the area enclosed by the coil.12

According to Faraday’s law of induction, a changing magnetic field induces an electromotive force (voltage) in a circuit, which drives an electric current if the circuit is closed. The magnitude of this induced voltage is proportional to the rate at which the magnetic flux changes over time.13

Lenz’s law further dictates the direction of this induced current: it flows in a direction that creates its own magnetic field to oppose the change in flux that produced it. For example, as a north pole approaches the coil, the induced current creates a north pole on the side of the coil facing the magnet to provide a repulsive force. When the magnet is withdrawn, the current reverses to create an attractive force, upholding the principle of the conservation of energy.34