How does landscape horticulture differ from floriculture?

Both floriculture and landscape horticulture are branches of ornamental horticulture, but they differ primarily in their focus, production methods, and end use.12

Floriculture
This field is primarily concerned with the production and marketing of flowers and ornamental plants, such as cut flowers, potted plants, and greenery. It is often characterized as a greenhouse industry because growers require precise environmental control to meet seasonal demands for perishable products. The industry involves mass-producing specific floral crops for wholesale markets and retail florists.321

Landscape Horticulture
This field is broader and focuses on the cultivation, maintenance, and design of plants for outdoor environments. It centers on the nursery business, which produces woody and herbaceous plants, including shrubs, trees, vines, and lawn turf. Unlike the specialized, greenhouse-focused nature of floriculture, landscape horticulture integrates plants as functional and aesthetic elements in landscape design, often involving the planning of parks, urban spaces, and private gardens. While the distinction between these fields is sometimes fading, landscape horticulture is uniquely tied to the long-term establishment of plants in permanent outdoor settings.1245